/**
 * Event loop and event loop policy.
 *
 * Copyright: © 2015-2016 Dragos Carp
 * License: Boost Software License - Version 1.0
 * Authors: Dragos Carp
 */
module asynchronous.events;

import core.thread;
import std.algorithm;
import std.array;
import std.datetime;
import std.exception;
import std.process;
import std.socket;
import std.string;
import std.traits;
import std.typecons;
import asynchronous.futures;
import asynchronous.protocols;
import asynchronous.tasks;
import asynchronous.transports;
import asynchronous.types;

alias Protocol = asynchronous.protocols.Protocol;

interface CallbackHandle
{
    /**
     * Cancel the call. If the callback is already cancelled or executed, this
     * method has no effect.
     */
    void cancel();

    /**
     * Return $(D_KEYWORD true) if the callback was cancelled.
     */
    bool cancelled() const;

    package void opCall()
    {
        opCallImpl;
    }

    protected void opCallImpl();
}

/**
 * A callback wrapper object returned by $(D_PSYMBOL EventLoop.callSoon),
 * $(D_PSYMBOL EventLoop.callSoonThreadSafe),
 * $(D_PSYMBOL EventLoop.callLater), and $(D_PSYMBOL EventLoop.callAt).
 */
class Callback(Dg, Args...) : CallbackHandle
if (isDelegate!Dg)
{
    private bool _cancelled;

    private EventLoop eventLoop;

    private Dg dg;

    private Args args;

    alias ResultType = ReturnType!Dg;

    this(EventLoop eventLoop, Dg dg, Args args)
    {
        this.eventLoop = eventLoop;
        this._cancelled = false;
        this.dg = dg;
        static if (args.length > 0)
        {
            this.args = args;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Cancel the call. If the callback is already cancelled or executed, this
     * method has no effect.
     */
    override void cancel()
    {
        this._cancelled = true;
        this.dg = null;
        this.args = Args.init;
    }

    /**
     * Return $(D_KEYWORD true) if the callback was cancelled.
     */
    override bool cancelled() const
    {
        return this._cancelled;
    }

    protected override void opCallImpl()
    {
        try
        {
            enforceEx!CancelledException(!this._cancelled, "Callback cancelled");

            this.dg(this.args);
        }
        catch (Throwable throwable)
        {
            if (this.eventLoop is null)
                this.eventLoop = getEventLoop;

            auto context = ExceptionContext("Exception on calling " ~ toString, throwable);
            context.callback = this;
            eventLoop.callExceptionHandler(context);
        }
    }

    override string toString() const
    {
        return "%s(dg: %s, cancelled: %s)".format(typeid(this),
            __traits(identifier, dg), _cancelled);
    }
}

auto callback(Dg, Args...)(EventLoop eventLoop, Dg dg, Args args)
{
    return new Callback!(Dg, Args)(eventLoop, dg, args);
}

alias ExceptionHandler = void delegate(EventLoop, ExceptionContext);

/**
 * Exception conxtext for event exceptions
 */
struct ExceptionContext
{
    string message;            /// Error message.
    Throwable throwable;       /// (optional) Throwable object.
    FutureHandle future;       /// (optional) Future instance.
    CallbackHandle callback;   /// (optional): CallbackHandle instance.
    Protocol protocol;         /// (optional): Protocol instance.
    Transport transport;       /// (optional): Transport instance.
    Socket socket;             /// (optional): Socket instance.
    ExceptionContext* context; /// (optional): Chained context.

    string toString() const
    {
        import std.array : appender;
        import std.conv : to;

        auto result = appender("message: \"" ~ message ~ "\"");

        if (throwable !is null)
            result ~= ", throwable: " ~ (cast(Throwable) throwable).to!string;
        if (future !is null)
            result ~= ", future: " ~ future.to!string;
        if (callback !is null)
            result ~= ", callback: " ~ callback.to!string;
        if (protocol !is null)
            result ~= ", protocol: " ~ protocol.to!string;
        if (transport !is null)
            result ~= ", transport: " ~ transport.to!string;
        if (socket !is null)
            result ~= ", socket: " ~ (cast(Socket) socket).to!string;
        if (context !is null)
            result ~= ", context: " ~ (*context).to!string;

        return "%s(%s)".format(typeid(this).to!string, result.data);
    }
}

unittest
{
    auto exceptionContext = ExceptionContext("foo");
    assert(!exceptionContext.toString.canFind("future"));
    exceptionContext.future = new Future!int;
    assert(exceptionContext.toString.canFind("future"));
}

interface SslContext
{
}

/**
 * Interface server returned by $(D createServer()).
 */
interface Server
{
    /**
     * Stop serving. This leaves existing connections open.
     */
    void close();

    /**
     * Coroutine to wait until service is closed.
     */
    @Coroutine
    void waitClosed();
}

final class ServerImpl : Server
{
    private EventLoop eventLoop;

    private Socket[] sockets;

    private size_t activeCount;

    private Waiter[] waiters;

    package this(EventLoop eventLoop, Socket[] sockets)
    {
        this.eventLoop = eventLoop;
        this.sockets = sockets;
    }

    void attach()
    in
    {
        assert(!this.sockets.empty);
    }
    body
    {
        ++this.activeCount;
    }

    void detach()
    in
    {
        assert(this.activeCount > 0);
    }
    body
    {
        --activeCount;

        if (this.activeCount == 0 && this.sockets.empty)
            wakeup;
    }

    override void close()
    {
        if (this.sockets.empty)
            return;

        Socket[] stopSockets = this.sockets;

        this.sockets = null;

        foreach (socket; stopSockets)
            this.eventLoop.stopServing(socket);

        if (this.activeCount == 0)
            wakeup;
    }

    private void wakeup()
    {
        Waiter[] doneWaiters = this.waiters;

        this.waiters = null;

        foreach (waiter; doneWaiters)
        {
            if (!waiter.done)
                waiter.setResult;
        }
    }

    @Coroutine
    override void waitClosed()
    {
        if (this.sockets.empty && this.activeCount == 0)
            return;

        Waiter waiter = new Waiter(this.eventLoop);

        this.waiters ~= waiter;

        this.eventLoop.waitFor(waiter);
    }
}

/**
 * Interface of event loop.
 */
abstract class EventLoop
{
    protected enum State : ubyte
    {
        STOPPED,
        RUNNING,
        STOPPING,
        CLOSED,
    }

    protected State state = State.STOPPED;

    // Run an event loop
    /**
     * Run until $(D_PSYMBOL stop()) is called.
     */
    void runForever();

    /**
     * Run until $(PARAM future) is done.
     *
     * If the argument is a $(I coroutine object), it is wrapped by $(D_PSYMBOL
     * task()).
     *
     * Returns: the Future's result, or throws its exception.
     */
    final T runUntilComplete(T)(Future!T future)
    {
        auto callback = (FutureHandle _) {
            stop;
        };

        future.addDoneCallback(callback);
        runForever;
        future.removeDoneCallback(callback);

        enforce(future.done, "Event loop stopped before Future completed");
        return future.result;
    }

    /**
     * Returns: running status of event loop.
     */
    final bool isRunning()
    {
        return this.state == State.RUNNING || this.state == State.STOPPING;
    }

    /**
     * Stop running the event loop.
     *
     * Every callback scheduled before $(D_PSYMBOL stop()) is called will run.
     * Callbacks scheduled after $(D_PSYMBOL stop()) is called will not run.
     * However, those callbacks will run if $(D_PSYMBOL runForever()) is
     * called again later.
     */
    final void stop()
    {
        final switch (this.state)
        {
        case State.STOPPED:
        case State.STOPPING:
            break;
        case State.RUNNING:
            this.state = State.STOPPING;
            break;
        case State.CLOSED:
            throw new Exception("Cannot stop a closed event loop");
        }
    }

    /**
     * Returns: $(D_KEYWORD true) if the event loop was closed.
     */
    final bool isClosed()
    {
        return this.state == State.CLOSED;
    }

    /**
     * Close the event loop. The loop must not be running.
     *
     * This clears the queues and shuts down the executor, but does not wait
     * for the executor to finish.
     *
     * This is idempotent and irreversible. No other methods should be called
     * after this one.
     */
    final void close()
    {
        final switch (this.state)
        {
        case State.STOPPED:
            this.state = State.CLOSED;
            break;
        case State.RUNNING:
        case State.STOPPING:
            throw new Exception("Cannot close a running event loop");
        case State.CLOSED:
            break;
        }
    }

    // Calls

    /**
     * Arrange for a callback to be called as soon as possible.
     *
     * This operates as a FIFO queue, callbacks are called in the order in
     * which they are registered. Each callback will be called exactly once.
     *
     * Any positional arguments after the callback will be passed to the
     * callback when it is called.
     *
     * Returns: an instance of $(D_PSYMBOL Callback).
     */
    final auto callSoon(Dg, Args...)(Dg dg, Args args)
    {
        auto callback = new Callback!(Dg, Args)(this, dg, args);

        scheduleCallback(callback);

        return callback;
    }

    /**
     * Like $(D_PSYMBOL callSoon()), but thread safe.
     */
    final auto callSoonThreadSafe(Dg, Args...)(Dg dg, Args args)
    {
        auto callback = new Callback!(Dg, Args)(this, dg, args);

        scheduleCallbackThreadSafe(callback);

        return callback;
    }

    // Delayed calls

    /**
     * Arrange for the callback to be called after the given delay.
     *
     * An instance of $(D_PSYMBOL Callback) is returned.
     *
     * $(D_PSYMBOL dg) delegate will be called exactly once per call to
     * $(D_PSYMBOL callLater()). If two callbacks are scheduled for exactly
     * the same time, it is undefined which will be called first.
     *
     * The optional positional args will be passed to the callback when it is
     * called.
     */
    final auto callLater(Dg, Args...)(Duration delay, Dg dg, Args args)
    {
        auto callback = new Callback!(Dg, Args)(this, dg, args);

        scheduleCallback(delay, callback);

        return callback;
    }

    /**
     * Arrange for the callback to be called at the given absolute timestamp
     * when (an int or float), using the same time reference as time().
     *
     * This method’s behavior is the same as $(D_PSYMBOL callLater()).
     */
    final auto callAt(Dg, Args...)(SysTime when, Dg dg, Args args)
    {
        auto callback = new Callback!(Dg, Args)(this, dg, args);

        scheduleCallback(when, callback);

        return callback;
    }

    /**
     * Return the current time according to the event loop’s internal clock.
     *
     * See_Also: $(D_PSYMBOL sleep()).
     */
    SysTime time()
    {
        return Clock.currTime;
    }


    // Fibers

    /**
     * Schedule the execution of a fiber object: wrap it in a future.
     *
     * Third-party event loops can use their own subclass of Task for
     * interoperability. In this case, the result type is a subclass of Task.
     *
     * Returns: a $(D_PSYMBOL Task) object.
     *
     * See_Also: $(D_PSYMBOL task()).
     */
    final auto createTask(Coroutine, Args...)(Coroutine coroutine, Args args)
    if (isDelegate!Coroutine)
    {
        return new Task!(Coroutine, Args)(this, coroutine, args);
    }
/*
    // Methods for interacting with threads.

    ReturnType!callback runInExecutor(alias callback, Args...)(executor, Args args);

    void setDefaultExecutor(executor);

    // Network I/O methods returning Futures.

    AddressInfo[] getAddressInfo(T...)(in char[] node, T options);

    // def getNameInfo(sockaddr, flags = 0);
*/
    // Creating connections

    /**
     * Create a streaming transport connection to a given Internet host and
     * port: socket family $(D_PSYMBOL AddressFamily.INET) or $(D_PSYMBOL
     * AddressFamily.INET6) depending on host (or family if specified), socket
     * type $(D_PSYMBOL SocketType.STREAM).
     *
     * This method is a coroutine which will try to establish the connection in
     * the background. When successful, the coroutine returns a (transport,
     * protocol) tuple.
     *
     * The chronological synopsis of the underlying operation is as follows:
     *
     * The connection is established, and a transport is created to represent
     * it. $(D_PSYMBOL protocolFactory) is called without arguments and must
     * return a protocol instance.
     * The protocol instance is tied to the transport, and its $(D_PSYMBOL
     * connectionMade()) method is called.
     * The coroutine returns successfully with the $(D_PSYMBOL (transport,
     * protocol)) tuple.
     *
     * The created transport is an implementation-dependent bidirectional
     * stream.
     *
     * Options allowing to change how the connection is created:
     * Params:
     *  protocolFactory = is a callable returning a protocol instance
     *
     *  host = if empty then the $(D_PSYMBOL socket) parameter should be
     *      specified.
     *
     *  service = service name or port number.
     *
     *  sslContext = if not $(D_KEYWORD null), a SSL/TLS transport is created
     *      (by default a plain TCP transport is created).
     *
     *  serverHostname = is only for use together with ssl, and sets or
     *      overrides the hostname that the target server’s certificate will be
     *      matched against. By default the value of the host argument is used.
     *      If host is empty, there is no default and you must pass a value for
     *      $(D_PSYMBOL serverHostname). If $(D_PSYMBOL serverHostname) is
     *      empty, hostname matching is disabled (which is a serious security
     *      risk, allowing for man-in-the-middle-attacks).
     *
     *  addressFamily = optional adress family.
     *
     *  protocolType = optional protocol.
     *
     *  addressInfoFlags = optional flags.
     *
     *  socket = if not $(D_KEYWORD null), should be an existing, already
     *      connected $(D_PSYMBOL Socket) object to be used by the transport. If
     *      $(D_PSYMBOL socket) is given, none of $(D_PSYMBOL host), $(D_PSYMBOL
     *      service), $(D_PSYMBOL addressFamily), $(D_PSYMBOL protocolType),
     *      $(D_PSYMBOL addressInfoFlags) and $(D_PSYMBOL localAddress) should
     *      be specified.
     *
     *  localHost = if given, together with $(D_PSYMBOL localService) is used to
     *      bind the socket locally. The $(D_PSYMBOL localHost) and
     *      $(D_PSYMBOL localService) are looked up using $(D_PSYMBOL
     *      getAddressInfo()), similarly to host and service.
     *
     *  localService = see $(D_PSYMBOL localHost).
     *
     * Returns: Tuple!(Transport, "transport", Protocol, "protocol")
     */
    @Coroutine
    auto createConnection(ProtocolFactory protocolFactory,
        in char[] host = null, in char[] service = null,
        SslContext sslContext = null,
        AddressFamily addressFamily = UNSPECIFIED!AddressFamily,
        ProtocolType protocolType = UNSPECIFIED!ProtocolType,
        AddressInfoFlags addressInfoFlags = UNSPECIFIED!AddressInfoFlags,
        Socket socket = null, in char[] localHost = null,
        in char[] localService = null, in char[] serverHostname = null)
    {
        enforce(serverHostname.empty || sslContext !is null,
            "serverHostname is only meaningful with SSL");
        enforce(serverHostname.empty || sslContext is null || !host.empty,
            "You must set serverHostname when using SSL without a host");

        if (!host.empty || !service.empty)
        {
            enforce(socket is null,
                "host/service and socket can not be specified at the same time");

            Future!(AddressInfo[])[] fs = [
                createTask(&this.getAddressInfo, host, service, addressFamily,
                    SocketType.STREAM, protocolType, addressInfoFlags)
            ];

            if (!localHost.empty)
                fs ~= createTask(&this.getAddressInfo, localHost, localService,
                    addressFamily, SocketType.STREAM, protocolType,
                    addressInfoFlags);

            this.wait(fs);

            auto addressInfos = fs.map!"a.result";

            enforceEx!SocketOSException(addressInfos.all!(a => !a.empty),
                "getAddressInfo() returned empty list");

            SocketOSException[] exceptions = null;
            bool connected = false;

            foreach (addressInfo; addressInfos[0])
            {
                try
                {
                    socket = new Socket(addressInfo);
                    socket.blocking(false);

                    if (addressInfos.length > 1)
                    {
                        bool bound = false;

                        foreach (localAddressInfo; addressInfos[1])
                        {
                            try
                            {
                                socket.bind(localAddressInfo.address);
                                bound = true;
                                break;
                            }
                            catch (SocketOSException socketOSException)
                            {
                                exceptions ~= new SocketOSException(
                                    "error while attempting to bind on address '%s'"
                                        .format(localAddressInfo.address),
                                    socketOSException);
                            }
                        }
                        if (!bound)
                        {
                            socket.close;
                            socket = null;
                            continue;
                        }
                    }

                    socketConnect(socket, addressInfo.address);
                    connected = true;
                    break;
                }
                catch (SocketOSException socketOSException)
                {
                    if (socket !is null)
                        socket.close;

                    exceptions ~= socketOSException;
                }
                catch (Throwable throwable)
                {
                    if (socket !is null)
                        socket.close;

                    throw throwable;
                }
            }

            if (!connected)
            {
                assert(!exceptions.empty);

                if (exceptions.length == 1)
                {
                    throw exceptions[0];
                }
                else
                {
                    if (exceptions.all!(a => a.msg == exceptions[0].msg))
                        throw exceptions[0];

                    throw new SocketOSException(
                        "Multiple exceptions: %(%s, %)".format(exceptions));
                }
            }
        }
        else
        {
            enforce(socket !is null,
                "host and port was not specified and no socket specified");

            socket.blocking(false);
        }

        return createConnectionTransport(socket, protocolFactory, sslContext,
            serverHostname.empty ? serverHostname : host);
    }

    /**
     * Create datagram connection: socket family $(D_PSYMBOL AddressFamily.INET)
     * or $(D_PSYMBOL AddressFamily.INET6) depending on host (or family if
     * specified), socket type $(D_PSYMBOL SocketType.DGRAM).
     *
     * This method is a coroutine which will try to establish the connection in
     * the background.
     *
     * See the create_connection() method for parameters.
     *
     * Returns: Tuple!(DatagramTransport, "datagramTransport",
     *      DatagramProtocol, "datagramProtocol")
     */
    @Coroutine
    auto createDatagramEndpoint(DatagramProtocolFactory datagramProtocolFactory,
        in char[] localHost = null, in char[] localService = null,
        in char[] remoteHost = null, in char[] remoteService = null,
        AddressFamily addressFamily = UNSPECIFIED!AddressFamily,
        ProtocolType protocolType = UNSPECIFIED!ProtocolType,
        AddressInfoFlags addressInfoFlags = UNSPECIFIED!AddressInfoFlags)
    {
        alias AddressPairInfo = Tuple!(AddressFamily, "addressFamily",
            ProtocolType, "protocolType", Address, "localAddress",
            Address, "remoteAddress");

        AddressPairInfo[] addressPairInfos = null;


        if (localHost.empty && remoteHost.empty)
        {
            enforce(addressFamily != UNSPECIFIED!AddressFamily,
                "Unexpected address family");
            addressPairInfos ~= AddressPairInfo(addressFamily, protocolType,
                null, null);
        }
        else
        {
            enforce(remoteHost.empty,
                "Remote host parameter not supported yet");

            auto addressInfos = getAddressInfo(localHost, localService,
                addressFamily, SocketType.DGRAM, protocolType,
                addressInfoFlags);

            enforceEx!SocketOSException(!addressInfos.empty,
                "getAddressInfo() returned empty list");

            foreach (addressInfo; addressInfos)
            {
                addressPairInfos ~= AddressPairInfo(addressInfo.family,
                    addressInfo.protocol, addressInfo.address, null);
            }
        }

        Socket socket = null;
        Address remoteAddress = null;
        SocketOSException[] exceptions = null;

        foreach (addressPairInfo; addressPairInfos)
        {
            try
            {
                socket = new Socket(addressPairInfo.addressFamily,
                    SocketType.DGRAM, addressPairInfo.protocolType);
                socket.setOption(SocketOptionLevel.SOCKET,
                    SocketOption.REUSEADDR, 1);
                socket.blocking(false);

                if (addressPairInfo.localAddress)
                    socket.bind(addressPairInfo.localAddress);


                remoteAddress = addressPairInfo.remoteAddress;
                enforce(remoteAddress is null,
                    "remote connect not supported yet");

                break;
            }
            catch (SocketOSException socketOSException)
            {
                if (socket !is null)
                    socket.close;

                exceptions ~= socketOSException;
            }
            catch (Throwable throwable)
            {
                if (socket !is null)
                    socket.close;

                throw throwable;
            }
        }

        auto protocol = datagramProtocolFactory();
        auto waiter = new Waiter(this);
        auto transport = makeDatagramTransport(socket, protocol, remoteAddress,
            waiter);
        try
        {
            this.waitFor(waiter);
        }
        catch (Throwable throwable)
        {
            transport.close;
            throw throwable;
        }

        return tuple!("datagramTransport", "datagramProtocol")(transport,
            protocol);
    }

    /**
     * Create UNIX connection: socket family $(D_PSYMBOL AddressFamily.UNIX),
     * socket type $(D_PSYMBOL SocketType.STREAM). The UNIX socket family is
     * used to communicate between processes on the same machine efficiently.
     *
     * This method is a coroutine which will try to establish the connection in
     * the background. When successful, the coroutine returns a $(D_PSYMBOL
     * Tuple!(Transport, "transport", Protocol, "protocol"))
     *
     * See the $(D_PSYMBOL EventLoop.createConnection()) method for parameters.
     */
    version (Posix)
    @Coroutine
    auto createUnixConnection(ProtocolFactory protocolFactory,
        in char[] path = null, SslContext sslContext = null,
        Socket socket = null, in char[] serverHostname = null)
    {
        if (sslContext is null)
            enforce(serverHostname.empty,
                "serverHostname is only meaningful with ssl");
        else
            enforce(!serverHostname.empty,
                "you have to pass server_hostname when using ssl");

        if (!path.empty)
        {
            enforce(socket is null,
                "path and socket can not be specified at the same time");

            try
            {
                socket = new Socket(AddressFamily.UNIX, SocketType.STREAM);
                socket.blocking(false);
                socketConnect(socket, new UnixAddress(path));
            }
            catch (Throwable throwable)
            {
                if (socket !is null)
                    socket.close;

                throw throwable;
            }
        }
        else
        {
            enforce(socket !is null, "no path and socket were specified");
            enforce(socket.addressFamily == AddressFamily.UNIX,
                "A UNIX Domain Socket was expected, got %s".format(socket));
            socket.blocking(false);
        }

        return createConnectionTransport(socket, protocolFactory, sslContext,
            serverHostname);
    }


    //"""A coroutine which creates a UNIX Domain Socket server.

    //The return value is a Server object, which can be used to stop
    //the service.

    //path is a str, representing a file systsem path to bind the
    //server socket to.

    //socket can optionally be specified in order to use a preexisting
    //socket object.

    //backlog is the maximum number of queued connections passed to
    //listen() (defaults to 100).

    //ssl can be set to an SSLContext to enable SSL over the
    //accepted connections.
    //"""

    /**
     * A coroutine which creates a TCP server bound to host and port.
     *
     * Params:
     *  protocolFactory = is a callable returning a protocol instance.
     *
     *  host = if empty then all interfaces are assumed and a list of multiple
     *      sockets will be returned (most likely one for IPv4 and another one
     *      for IPv6).
     *
     *  service = service name or port number.
     *
     *  addressFamily = can be set to either $(D_PSYMBOL AddressFamily.INET) or
     *      $(D_PSYMBOL AddressFamily.INET6) to force the socket to use IPv4 or
     *      IPv6. If not set it will be determined from host (defaults to
     *      $(D_PSYMBOL AddressFamily.UNSPEC)).
     *
     *  addressInfoFlags = a bitmask for getAddressInfo().
     *
     *  socket = can optionally be specified in order to use a preexisting
     *      socket object.
     *
     *  backlog = the maximum number of queued connections passed to listen()
     *      (defaults to 100).
     *
     *  sslContext = can be set to an SSLContext to enable SSL over the accepted
     *      connections.
     *
     *  reuseAddress = tells the kernel to reuse a local socket in TIME_WAIT
     *      state, without waiting for its natural timeout to expire. If not
     *      specified will automatically be set to $(D_KEYWORD true) on UNIX.
     *
     * Returns: a Server object which can be used to stop the service.
     */
    @Coroutine
    Server createServer(ProtocolFactory protocolFactory,
        in char[] host = null, in char[] service = null,
        AddressFamily addressFamily = UNSPECIFIED!AddressFamily,
        AddressInfoFlags addressInfoFlags = AddressInfoFlags.PASSIVE,
        Socket socket = null, int backlog = 100, SslContext sslContext = null,
        bool reuseAddress = true)
    {
        enforce(sslContext is null, "SSL support not implemented yet");

        Socket[] sockets;

        scope (failure)
        {
            foreach (socket1; sockets)
                socket1.close;
        }

        if (!host.empty || !service.empty)
        {
            enforce(socket is null,
                "host/service and socket can not be specified at the same time");

            AddressInfo[] addressInfos = getAddressInfo(host, service,
                addressFamily, SocketType.STREAM, UNSPECIFIED!ProtocolType,
                addressInfoFlags);

            enforceEx!SocketOSException(!addressInfos.empty,
                "getAddressInfo() returned empty list");

            foreach (addressInfo; addressInfos)
            {
                try
                {
                    socket = new Socket(addressInfo);
                }
                catch (SocketOSException socketOSException)
                {
                    continue;
                }

                sockets ~= socket;

                if (reuseAddress)
                    socket.setOption(SocketOptionLevel.SOCKET,
                        SocketOption.REUSEADDR, true);

                if (addressInfo.family == AddressFamily.INET6)
                    socket.setOption(SocketOptionLevel.IPV6,
                        SocketOption.IPV6_V6ONLY, true);

                try
                {
                    socket.bind(addressInfo.address);
                }
                catch (SocketException socketException)
                {
                    throw new SocketException(
                        "error while attempting to bind to address %s: %s"
                            .format(addressInfo.address, socketException.msg));
                }
            }
        }
        else
        {
            enforce(socket !is null,
                "Neither host/service nor socket were specified");

            sockets ~= socket;
        }

        auto server = new ServerImpl(this, sockets);

        foreach (socket1; sockets)
        {
            socket1.listen(backlog);
            socket1.blocking(false);
            startServing(protocolFactory, socket1, sslContext, server);
        }

        return server;
    }

    /**
     * Similar to $(D_PSYMBOL EventLoop.createServer()), but specific to the
     * socket family $(D_PSYMBOL AddressFamily.UNIX).
     */
    version (Posix)
    @Coroutine
    Server createUnixServer(ProtocolFactory protocolFactory, in char[] path,
        Socket socket = null, int backlog = 100, SslContext sslContext = null)
    {
        if (!path.empty)
        {
            enforce(socket is null,
                "path and socket can not be specified at the same time");

            socket = new Socket(AddressFamily.UNIX, SocketType.STREAM);

            try
            {
                socket.bind(new UnixAddress(path));
            }
            catch (SocketOSException socketOSException)
            {
                import core.stdc.errno : EADDRINUSE;

                socket.close;
                if (socketOSException.errorCode == EADDRINUSE)
                    throw new SocketOSException("Address %s is already in use"
                            .format(path), socketOSException.errorCode);
                else
                    throw socketOSException;
            }
            catch (Throwable throwable)
            {
                socket.close;
                throw throwable;
            }
        }
        else
        {
            enforce(socket !is null,
                "path was not specified, and no socket specified");
            enforce(socket.addressFamily == AddressFamily.UNIX,
                "A UNIX Domain Socket was expected, got %s".format(socket));
        }

        auto server = new ServerImpl(this, [socket]);

        socket.listen(backlog);
        socket.blocking(false);
        startServing(protocolFactory, socket, sslContext, server);

        return server;
    }
/*
    // Pipes and subprocesses.

    //"""Register read pipe in event loop.

    //protocol_factory should instantiate object with Protocol interface.
    //pipe is file-like object already switched to nonblocking.
    //Return pair (transport, protocol), where transport support
    //ReadTransport interface."""
    //# The reason to accept file-like object instead of just file descriptor
    //# is: we need to own pipe and close it at transport finishing
    //# Can got complicated errors if pass f.fileno(),
    //# close fd in pipe transport then close f and vise versa.
    Tuple!(Transport, Protocol) connectReadPipe(Protocol function() protocol_factory,
        Pipe pipe);

    //"""Register write pipe in event loop.

    //protocol_factory should instantiate object with BaseProtocol interface.
    //Pipe is file-like object already switched to nonblocking.
    //Return pair (transport, protocol), where transport support
    //WriteTransport interface."""
    //# The reason to accept file-like object instead of just file descriptor
    //# is: we need to own pipe and close it at transport finishing
    //# Can got complicated errors if pass f.fileno(),
    //# close fd in pipe transport then close f and vise versa.
    Tuple!(Transport, Protocol) connectWritePipe(Protocol function() protocol_factory,
        Pipe pipe);

    Tuple!(Transport, Protocol) processShell(Protocol function() protocol_factory,
        in char[] cmd, File stdin = subprocess.PIPE, File stdout = subprocess.PIPE,
        File stderr = subprocess.PIPE);

    Tuple!(Transport, Protocol) processProcess(Protocol function() protocol_factory,
        in char[][] args, File stdin = subprocess.PIPE, File stdout = subprocess.PIPE,
        File stderr = subprocess.PIPE);

    //# Ready-based callback registration methods.
    //# The add_*() methods return None.
    //# The remove_*() methods return True if something was removed,
    //# False if there was nothing to delete.

    void addReader(int fd, void delegate() callback);

    void removeReader(int fd);

    void addWriter(int fd, void delegate() callback);

    void removeWriter(int fd);

    // # Completion based I/O methods returning Futures.

    ptrdiff_t socketReceive(Socket sock, void[] buf);

    ptrdiff_t socketSend(Socket sock, void[] buf);

    Socket socketAccept(Socket sock);
*/
    // Resolve host name

    @Coroutine
    AddressInfo[] getAddressInfo(in char[] host, in char[] service,
        AddressFamily addressFamily = UNSPECIFIED!AddressFamily,
        SocketType socketType = UNSPECIFIED!SocketType,
        ProtocolType protocolType = UNSPECIFIED!ProtocolType,
        AddressInfoFlags addressInfoFlags = UNSPECIFIED!AddressInfoFlags);


    // Signal handling.
    version (Posix)
    {
        void addSignalHandler(int sig, void delegate() handler);

        void removeSignalHandler(int sig);
    }

    // Error handlers.

    private ExceptionHandler exceptionHandler;

    /**
     * Set handler as the new event loop exception handler.
     *
     * If handler is $(D_KEYWORD null), the default exception handler will be set.
     *
     * See_Also: $(D_PSYMBOL callExceptionHandler()).
     */
    final void setExceptionHandler(ExceptionHandler exceptionHandler)
    {
        this.exceptionHandler = exceptionHandler;
    }

    /**
     * Default exception handler.
     *
     * This is called when an exception occurs and no exception handler is set,
     * and can be called by a custom exception handler that wants to defer to
     * the default behavior.
     * The context parameter has the same meaning as in $(D_PSYMBOL
     * callExceptionHandler()).
     */
    final void defaultExceptionHandler(ExceptionContext exceptionContext)
    {
        if (exceptionContext.message.empty)
            exceptionContext.message = "Unhandled exception in event loop";

        if (cast(Error) exceptionContext.throwable)
            throw new Error("Uncaught Error: %s".format(exceptionContext));
        else
            throw new Exception("Uncaught Exception: %s".format(exceptionContext));
    }

    /**
     * Call the current event loop's exception handler.
     *
     * Note: New ExceptionContext members may be introduced in the future.
     */
    final void callExceptionHandler(ExceptionContext exceptionContext)
    {
        if (exceptionHandler is null)
        {
            defaultExceptionHandler(exceptionContext);
            return;
        }

        try
        {
            exceptionHandler(this, exceptionContext);
        }
        catch (Throwable throwable)
        {
            auto context = ExceptionContext("Unhandled error in exception handler",
                throwable);
            context.context = &exceptionContext;

            defaultExceptionHandler(context);
        }
    }

    override string toString() const
    {
        return "%s(%s)".format(typeid(this), this.state);
    }

protected:

    void scheduleCallback(CallbackHandle callback);

    void scheduleCallbackThreadSafe(CallbackHandle callback);

    void scheduleCallback(Duration delay, CallbackHandle callback);

    void scheduleCallback(SysTime when, CallbackHandle callback);

    void socketConnect(Socket socket, Address address);

    Transport makeSocketTransport(Socket socket, Protocol protocol,
        Waiter waiter);

    DatagramTransport makeDatagramTransport(Socket socket,
        DatagramProtocol datagramProtocol, Address remoteAddress,
        Waiter waiter);

    void startServing(ProtocolFactory protocolFactory, Socket socket,
        SslContext sslContext, ServerImpl server);

    void stopServing(Socket socket);
private:

    @Coroutine
    auto createConnectionTransport(Socket socket,
        ProtocolFactory protocolFactory, SslContext sslContext,
        in char[] serverHostname = null)
    {
        Protocol protocol = protocolFactory();
        Transport transport = null;
        auto waiter = new Waiter(this);

        if (sslContext !is null)
        {
            assert(0, "SSL support not implemented yet");
            //sslcontext = None if isinstance(ssl, bool) else ssl
            //transport = self._make_ssl_transport(
            //    sock, protocol, sslcontext, waiter,
            //    server_side = False, server_hostname = server_hostname)
        }
        else
        {
            transport = makeSocketTransport(socket, protocol, waiter);
        }

        try
        {
            this.waitFor(waiter);
        }
        catch (Throwable throwable)
        {
            transport.close;
            throw throwable;
        }

        return tuple!("transport", "protocol")(transport, protocol);
    }
}

/**
 * Interface of policy for accessing the event loop.
 */
abstract class EventLoopPolicy
{
    protected EventLoop eventLoop = null;
    protected bool setCalled = false;

    /**
     * Get the event loop.
     *
     * This may be $(D null) or an instance of EventLoop.
     */
    EventLoop getEventLoop()
    {
        if (eventLoop is null && !setCalled && thread_isMainThread)
            setEventLoop(newEventLoop);
        return eventLoop;
    }

    /**
     * Set the event loop.
     */
    void setEventLoop(EventLoop loop)
    {
        setCalled = true;
        eventLoop = loop;
    }

    /**
     * Create a new event loop.
     *
     * You must call $(D setEventLoop()) to make this the current event loop.
     */
    EventLoop newEventLoop();

    //version (Posix)
    //{
    //    ChildWatcher getChildWatcher();

    //    void setChildWatcher(ChildWatcher watcher);
    //}
}

/**
 * Default policy implementation for accessing the event loop.
 *
 * In this policy, each thread has its own event loop.  However, we only
 * automatically create an event loop by default for the main thread; other
 * threads by default have no event loop.
 *
 * Other policies may have different rules (e.g. a single global event loop, or
 * automatically creating an event loop per thread, or using some other notion
 * of context to which an event loop is associated).
 */

private __gshared EventLoopPolicy eventLoopPolicy;

import asynchronous.libasync.events;

alias DefaultEventLoopPolicy = LibasyncEventLoopPolicy;

/**
 * Get the current event loop policy.
 */
EventLoopPolicy getEventLoopPolicy()
{
    if (eventLoopPolicy is null)
    {
        synchronized
        {
            if (eventLoopPolicy is null)
                eventLoopPolicy = new DefaultEventLoopPolicy;
        }
    }

    return eventLoopPolicy;
}

/**
 * Set the current event loop policy.
 *
 * If policy is $(D null), the default policy is restored.
 */
void setEventLoopPolicy(EventLoopPolicy policy)
{
    eventLoopPolicy = policy;
}

/**
 * Equivalent to calling $(D getEventLoopPolicy.getEventLoop).
 */
EventLoop getEventLoop()
{
    return getEventLoopPolicy.getEventLoop;
}

unittest
{
    assert(getEventLoop !is null);
}

/**
 * Equivalent to calling $(D getEventLoopPolicy.setEventLoop(loop)).
 */
void setEventLoop(EventLoop loop)
{
    getEventLoopPolicy.setEventLoop(loop);
}

/**
 * Equivalent to calling $(D getEventLoopPolicy.newEventLoop).
 */
EventLoop newEventLoop()
{
    return getEventLoopPolicy.newEventLoop;
}